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Objective To evaluate the anti-oxidative function of siwu decoction.Methods Using aged mice model and setting three dose groups(0.58 g/kg BW, 1.17 g/kg BW, 3.50 g/kg BW), negative control group, after feeding four groups for 30 days with the lyophilized powder of the siwu decoction product, removing accessories, the content of lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH)and protein carbonyl, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were tested. Results In the control group, the activity of SOD was(33.0±3.4)U/mgprot, and the content of GSH and protein carbonyl were(5.56±0.73)mg/gprot,(2.30±0.22)nmol/mgprot, respectively. Compared with the control group, the activity of SOD in the high dose group(39.2±6.3 U/mgprot)and the content of GSH in the medium and high dose group[(7.04±0.86) mg/gprot,(6.81±1.02)mg/gprot, respectively]was significantly higher(P<0.05); the content of protein carbonyl notably in the high dose group[(1.78±0.32)nmol/mgprot]significantly decreased(P<0.05). No obvious difference in the content of MDA were observed between each dose group and the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Siwu decoction has obvious antioxidant effect on aged mice.
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Objective To investigate the effects of dendrobium officinale leaves on sperm quality and testicular tissue morphology in parent(P)and offspring(F1、F2)rats.Methods P、F1、F2 rats were fed with dendrobium officinale leaves at the dose of 0,2.0,4.0,6.4g/kg·bw for two generation reproduction,and the testicular and epididymal viscera coefficients,the quantity and quality of sperm were examined and the histopathological assessment was carried out. Results There were no statistical differences in the testicular and epididymal viscera coefficients,sperm quantity,sperm motility rate and sperm malformation rate compared with the control group in P,F1,F2 rats(P>0.05). There were no differences between 0 and 6.4 g/kg·bw groups on the testicular and epididymal tissue morphology in P,F1,F2 rats. Conclusion Dendrobium officinale leaves didn't show obvious adverse effects on sperm quality and testicular tissue morphology in P,F1,F2 rats.
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Objective To investigate effects of xylo-oligosaccharides with chitooligosaccharides on alcohol-induced liver injury and immune function in mice. Methods Different doses of chitosan oligosaccharide (0.045 g/kg-0.26 g/kgB.W) and xylo-oligosaccaride (0.055 g/kg-0.32 g/kgB.W) were feed to the mice for 30 days. The mice live-injury model was induced by alcohol. MDA、 GSH、 TG level in liver and T lymphocyte proliferation of spleen cells induced by conA, the antibody-producing cells, and natural killer (NK) activity were detected. Results Compared with the live-injury model group, MDA level of low/middle dose group, TG level of middle dose group and pathological evaluation score of liver steatosis of high dose group in mice liver were decreased because of chitosan oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccaride feeding. Compared with the control group, the ability of T lymphocyte proliferation of mouse spleen induced by ConA and the antibody-producing cells were increased in mice of middle and high dose group. The differences had statistical significances (P<0.05) . Conclusion Under this experimental condition, xylo-oligosaccharides in combination with chitooligosaccharides could protect the mice from alcohol-induced liver injury and enhance immune function in spleen of normal mice synergistically.
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Objective To learn the changes of blood lead levels and serum biochemical parameters of the school agechildren from different areas. Methods All research objects, the school age children, were from three different areasrespectively, including a mountainous area (L area), an island area (H area) where there is not history of Pb pollution,and an industry area (N area) in relation to Pb pollution. The morning urine and peripheral venous blood samples werecollected from the school age children. Pb in blood (PbB), δ-aminoaevulinic acid in urine (ALA), Ca2+, BUN, Cr inserum, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (FT4) levels were detected. ResultsPbB levels [M was 36.0 ppb] of the school age children from N area were significantly higher than that of L area [22.0 ppb] andH area [23.8 ppb]. On the contrary, serum Ca2+ levels of the school age children from N area were significantly lower than thatof L area and H area. Serum T4 of N area was significantly lower than that of L area and H area. Serum FT4 of H area wassignificantly higher than that of L area and N area. And TSH of N area and H area were both obviously lower than that of L area.But all of these thyroxin indexes were in the range of normal values. Conclusion It should be widely concerned that thesignificant elevation of PbB levels may have a negative impact on school age children in the future.
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Objective To explore the mutagenic effect of sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) on zebrafish p53 gene coding sequence(CDS) in somatic cell.Methods The experiment was carried out using tuebingen strain of zebrafish, according to the results of acute toxicity test to determine the exposure levels in zebrafish.Zebrafish were randomly divided into blank control group and exposed groups, each containing 10 zebrafish.After exposing for 45d of NaPCP, the RNA was extracted from liver of zebra fish, and the p53 gene including a complete coding sequence of was obtained by RT-PCR.Results LC50 of NaPCP was 18.4 μg/L.Sequence analysis showed that the p53 gene CDS length of 1125bp, encoding 374 amino acids.The percent identity between the published zebrafish sequence of p53 (GI:425876786)and ours was 99.2%,with the other biological sequence of p53 existing some differences.After 45d exposure, zebrafish p53 gene of NaPCP exposure group had mutated at the concentration of 1.8 μg /L.The base substitution of GAG→AAG at codon 8,CAT→CAG at codon 148 and CAG→CAA at codon 229 were detected by PCR-directed sequencing.This may result in the Glu→Lys and His→Gln of expressed p53 protein.Conclusion NaPCP is a kind of gene mutation, which can induce the mutation of p53 gene in zebrafish somatic cells, that has the potential mutagenic risk for humans.
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Objective Toevaluatetheeffectsofwholecranberrypowder(Pacranpowder)onimmunefunctionsofICR miceinvivo.Methods FemaleICRmice(18-22g)wererandomlydividedintocontrolgroupandlow,mediumandhigh dose groups of whole cranberry powder (83,1 66,and 332 mg/kgbw).Whole cranberry powder was treated with by gavage for 30 days continuously.Control mice were treated with distilled water only.Their immune functions were analyzed, including serum hemolysin analysis, antibody -producing cells (APCs ), conA -induced splenic lymphocyte transformation,SRBC-induced delayed type hypersensitivity,natural killer cell activity assay,peritoneal macrophages phagocytosed chicken red blood cells (CRBC),carbon clearance test and thymus or spleen /body weight ratio.Results Ascomparedwiththecontrols,wholecranberrypowdertreatmentincreasedthenumberofplagueformingcells(PFCs)at 83 mg/kgbw group(P<0.05 ).There were no statistical difference in the total production of antibodies,the activity of conA-induced splenic lymphocyte transformation,the left-hind voix pedis thickness,NK cytoactivity,the phagocytosis index and ratio of peritoneal macrophages, the carbon clearance ability between the groups treated with different concentrationsofwholecranberrypowderandthecontrolgroup(P>0.05).Conclusion Wholecranberrypowdercan enhance mouse the number of plague forming cells (PFCs).
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Objective To evaluate the effects of low dose Ethyl Carbamate (EC)on the immune function of ICR mice and to provide evidences for developing food safety standard.Methods The ICR mice were divided into four groups,and three groups were treated with 0.1 7,0.83,1 .67 mg/kg·bw EC respectively and the control group was treated with distilled water only.The immune function of ICR mice was determined by five aspects,including cellular immunity,humoral immunity,mononuclear macrophages's phagocytosis,natural killer cell activity and the organ coefficients of immune organs. Results Compared with the control group,the 1 .67 mg/kg·bw EC significantly inhibited the proliferation of spleen lymphocyte,natural killer cell activity and the hemolysis plaque -forming ability induced by ConA (P <0.05 ). Conclusion EC can cause the inhibition of normal mouse's immune function.
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Objective To examine the mutagenicity and antioxidant activity of Proanthocyanidin( PC). Methods Three mutagenicity tests including Ames test,bone marrow micronucleus test and sperm malformation test in mice were conducted. According to the level of erythrocyte MDA,11-month-old rats were randomly divided into five groups including blank control,solvent control and 41. 67,83. 33,250. 0 mg/kg test groups. The content of erythrocyte MDA,SOD and GSH-PX activity of each dosage group were then observed after administration of PC to test the antioxidant activity. Results In all three mutagenicity tests,no mutagenic effect was observed in any PC - treated group. Compared with two control groups,the content of erythrocyte MDA was significantly decreased in 83. 33 and 250. 0 mg/kg groups(both P<0. 05) and GSH-Px activity was significantly increased in 250 mg/kg group(P<0. 05). Conclusion PC had no mutagenic effect but showed antioxidant activity under our experimental conditions.
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the important pathogens causing serious economic losses to swine industry worldwide. PRRSV is genetically and pathologically heterogenous. PRRSV NT0801 strain was isolated in a pig farm with clinical signs and had high pathogenesis in piglets. But its NSP2 gene did not have 30 amino acids deletion as highly pathogenic JXA1 strain. To elucidate the genetic characteristics of PRRSV NT0801 strain, the full-length genome of NT0801 isolate was sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genome of PRRSV NT0801 was 15439bp in length, including 29nt Poly(A) tail. Compared with the highly pathogenic JXA1 strain, it had the nucleotide sequence identity of 96.7%, amino acid sequence homology of 97.2% and 98.5% in GP3 and GP5, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NT0801 isolate was located between the traditional strain and the highly pathogenic strain. But no obvious recombination signal was observed, compared with other PRRSV isolates with different virulence. The alignment of amino acid sequence of NT0801 with other PRRSV isolates demonstrated that three out of nine sites, being consistent with the highly pathogenic strain, were different from those in highly pathogenic while same as those in traditional strains and JXA1 vaccine strain. And one out of 9 sites was same as that of JXA1 vaccine strain exclusively, two out of 9 sites were different from all the strains. These results indicated that PRRSV NT0801 strain is closely related to highly pathogenic PRRSV, although there has no 30 amino acids deletions in NSP2 region. The epidemic PRRSV strains variation results from the gene mutation. It should be useful for studying on the virulence genes located in different ORFs of PRRSV in the future.
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Animals , Amino Acid Sequence , China , Genome, Viral , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome , Virology , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus , Genetics , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , SwineABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To obtain population genetic data of loci D11S4951, D11S4957, GATA193H05, D2S2951, and D6S2421 in Han population in Chengdu area and to validate the value of their forensic application.@*METHODS@#Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes from unrelated individuals. DNAs were extracted with Chelex-100 and were analyzed by PCR and horizontal PAGE followed by silver staining.@*RESULTS@#Alleles 7, 10, 8, 6 and 8 were found in 5 STR loci, respectively. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg balance were observed. The heterozygosities observed were 0.743, 0.772, 0.833, 0.650 and 0.800, respectively. The chances of exclusion were 0.497, 0.549, 0.662, 0.356 and 0.599, and the discrimination powers were 0.863, 0.912, 0.947, 0.829 and 0.931.@*CONCLUSION@#All of the five loci studied may be useful markers for individual identification and paternity testing.
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Humans , Alleles , Asian People/genetics , China/ethnology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Forensic Medicine , Gene Frequency , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic , Rape , Tandem Repeat Sequences/geneticsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Because previous studies have reported depleted antioxidant capacity in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), prevention of free radical production has gained importance in antifibrotic treatment strategies for CP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid on oxidative capacity and pancreatic damage in experimental CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CP was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by infusion of dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) into the tail vein. Ascorbic acid was given intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 10mg/kg body weight. The treatment groups were as follows: group 1, DBTC plus intraperitoneal physiologic saline; group 2, DBTC plus intraperitoneal ascorbic acid; group 3, solvent plus intraperitoneal physiologic saline; group 4, no operation plus intraperitoneal physiologic saline. Each group contained 15 animals. Treatment was started after CP was established. After 4 weeks of treatment, serum hyaluronic acid and laminin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, pancreatic tissue oxidative stress was analyzed, and the degree of pancreatic damage was determined. RESULTS: Ascorbic acid treatment markedly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in pancreatic tissue (p < 0.01 for both). Significant serum hyaluronic acid and laminin reductions were observed in group 2 as compared with group 1 (p < 0.05). However, the serum hyaluronic acid and laminin levels remained elevated when compared with those of groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). Histopathologic scores were also lower in animals with CP that underwent ascorbic acid-treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ascorbic acid treatment alleviated the degree of oxidative stress and pancreatic damage in rat CP. Antioxidant treatment might be considered a potential option to improve the pathologic process in CP.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Hyaluronic Acid/blood , Laminin/blood , Organotin Compounds , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Pancreas/drug effects , Pancreatic Diseases/blood , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value in diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology and rapid histopathologic examination during operation of a pancreatic mass.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both fine needle aspiration cytology and rapid histopathologic examination were performed during the operation of 56 patients with pancreatic mass.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative cytologic examination were 94.6%, 95.3% and 92.3%, as compared with 92.9%, 90.7% and 100% in rapid paraffin section intraoperative examination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fine needle aspiration is rapid, practical and safe. It is able to improve the diagnosis, pathologic grade and histological origin of pancreatic tumor when combined with rapid histopathologic examination.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biopsy, Needle , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Pathology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
AIM: To study the relative bioavailability of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin dispersive tablets. METHODS: A single oral administration of 125 mg clavulanic acid and 500 mg amoxicillin of dispersive tablet and Anqi tablet to 18 healthy male volunteers in a randomized cross-over study. The plasma concentration of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin simultaneous were determined with HPLC. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of dispersive tablet and Anqi tablet for clavulanic acid were: Tmax (0.89± 0.25) h and (1.01±0.30) h; Cmax (1.92±0.64) mg·L-1 and (1.49±0.65) mg·L-1; AUC0→∞ (4.347±1.542) mg·h·L-1 and (3.395±1.468) mg·h·L-1, the pharmacokinetic parameters for amoxycillin were: Tmax (1.15±0.41) h and (1.34±0.40) h; Cmax (5.81±1.40) mg·L-1 and (4.60±1.37) mg·L-1; AUC0→∞ (13.472±3.114) mg·h·L-1 and (11.937±2.735) mg·h·L-1. The clavulanic acid Tmax of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin dispersive tablet was significantly shorter, clavulanic acid and amoxicillin Cmax, AUC0→∞ of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin dispersive tablet were significantly greater than the control Anqi tablet respectively, while there was no significant difference between amoxicillin Tmax of two tablets. CONCLUSION: The bioavailability of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin dispersive tablet is superior to Anqi tablet.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the change of cGMP-PDE and cAMP-PDE activity in a rat lung model of asthma. METHODS: cGMP-PDE and cAMP-PDE activity were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Both cAMP-PDE activity and cGMP-PDE activity in the lung tissue of antigen-challenged rats were higher than that from the normal rats (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: In the rat lung model of asthma, cyclic nucleotides phosphodiesterase activity was elevated. This may be significant in the pathogenesis of asthma.